IELTS Preparation Series 1, Episode 26: Archaeology
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Hello and welcome again to Study English, IELTS Preparation. I'm Margot Politis.
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Today we're going to look at classification - how things are sorted into classes or groups.
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We'll listen to an archaeologist talking about artefacts, things left behind from the past,
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and what sorts of groups they belong to.
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And we'll finish by doing some pronunciation practice on final 's' sounds.
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Well, these are all artefacts from the cesspits at Casseldon Place and there's a real assortment
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of different types.
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Some of the artefacts we've got relate to, I guess, the leisure time activity, the pastimes,
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people might've had.
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There are some gaming tokens. This is a lead disc with a horse figurine on it as well.
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It would've been used as some sort of betting token.
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The dice there, the bone dice as well. There's a couple of dominoes - one's made out of bone,
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one, we think's made out of slate.
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Some of the other pieces, we've got a lead rifle that would've been part of a child's
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toy soldier set.
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Yeah, these bones, again, from the cesspits of Casseldon, and quite clearly, it's been
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cut. These aren't natural breaks at all. These are what we refer to as butchering marks.
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So we're not just learning what sort of animals were eaten at Casseldon, we're also learning
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about the cuts of meat being provided, whether it's been done locally by individual house
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owners, or whether they're going to a local butcher.
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I think the artefacts from Casseldon Place and the other results of the archaeological
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process are important because they give us a really rare insight into the way Melbourne
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operated in its early years.
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The speaker, Jeremy Smith, is discussing the artefacts he's found in Melbourne. Let's look
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at how he classifies or sorts out these artefacts for us.
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First, the 'opening statement' tells us what is being classified. This is an orientation.
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Then the things are classified according to certain criteria. They're put into groups.
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Finally, at the end of the classification, there's a summary, or a comment on the groups
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and their significance.
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Let's listen to Jeremy's opening statement or orientation.
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Well, these are all artefacts from the cesspits at Casseldon Place and there's a real assortment
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of different types.
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So the topic of this classification is the artefacts from Casseldon Place.
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We are told that there is a real assortment of different types.
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From this opening statement, we would expect the rest of the passage to be about the different
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types of artefacts found there, and that's exactly what's given.
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Listen to how the first type is introduced.
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Some of the artefacts we've got relate to, I guess, the leisure time activity, the pastimes,
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that people might've had.
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The first category is of artefacts relating to leisure time activity, or pastimes.
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This is the first group or class of the classification.
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To make this clearer to the reader or listener, he could have used signals to show this was
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the first category.
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He could have said:
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Firstly, we have artefacts that relate to leisure time activities.
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What's the next group?
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