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IELTS Preparation Series 1, Episode 26: Archaeology


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0:14

Hello and welcome again to Study English, IELTS Preparation. I'm Margot Politis.

0:20

Today we're going to look at classification - how things are sorted into classes or groups.

0:25

We'll listen to an archaeologist talking about artefacts, things left behind from the past,

0:32

and what sorts of groups they belong to.

0:35

And we'll finish by doing some pronunciation practice on final 's' sounds.

0:39

Well, these are all artefacts from the cesspits at Casseldon Place and there's a real assortment

0:44

of different types.

0:45

Some of the artefacts we've got relate to, I guess, the leisure time activity, the pastimes,

0:49

people might've had.

0:50

There are some gaming tokens. This is a lead disc with a horse figurine on it as well.

0:55

It would've been used as some sort of betting token.

0:57

The dice there, the bone dice as well. There's a couple of dominoes - one's made out of bone,

1:02

one, we think's made out of slate.

1:03

Some of the other pieces, we've got a lead rifle that would've been part of a child's

1:08

toy soldier set.

1:09

Yeah, these bones, again, from the cesspits of Casseldon, and quite clearly, it's been

1:13

cut. These aren't natural breaks at all. These are what we refer to as butchering marks.

1:17

So we're not just learning what sort of animals were eaten at Casseldon, we're also learning

1:20

about the cuts of meat being provided, whether it's been done locally by individual house

1:25

owners, or whether they're going to a local butcher.

1:27

I think the artefacts from Casseldon Place and the other results of the archaeological

1:31

process are important because they give us a really rare insight into the way Melbourne

1:35

operated in its early years.

1:38

The speaker, Jeremy Smith, is discussing the artefacts he's found in Melbourne. Let's look

1:44

at how he classifies or sorts out these artefacts for us.

1:48

First, the 'opening statement' tells us what is being classified. This is an orientation.

1:56

Then the things are classified according to certain criteria. They're put into groups.

2:03

Finally, at the end of the classification, there's a summary, or a comment on the groups

2:09

and their significance.

2:10

Let's listen to Jeremy's opening statement or orientation.

2:15

Well, these are all artefacts from the cesspits at Casseldon Place and there's a real assortment

2:19

of different types.

2:20

So the topic of this classification is the artefacts from Casseldon Place.

2:28

We are told that there is a real assortment of different types.

2:32

From this opening statement, we would expect the rest of the passage to be about the different

2:37

types of artefacts found there, and that's exactly what's given.

2:41

Listen to how the first type is introduced.

2:45

Some of the artefacts we've got relate to, I guess, the leisure time activity, the pastimes,

2:49

that people might've had.

2:50

The first category is of artefacts relating to leisure time activity, or pastimes.

2:56

This is the first group or class of the classification.

3:01

To make this clearer to the reader or listener, he could have used signals to show this was

3:07

the first category.

3:08

He could have said:

3:10

Firstly, we have artefacts that relate to leisure time activities.

3:15

What's the next group?

3:16