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IELTS Preparation Series 2, Episode 24: New Training


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0:13

Hello. I'm Margot Politis. Welcome to Study English, IELTS preparation.

0:19

Today we're going to talk about adverbs.

0:21

Adverbs are useful because they give us more information about an action, event or situation.

0:30

If I said they were very useful, that would be an example of using the adverb very to

0:36

add to or modify the word useful

0:39

But first, let's listen to our story about a new training program, to help fix the problem

0:46

of there not being enough skilled workers in Australia.

0:50

For too long, we didn't train enough people. We didn't put enough energy into getting people

0:56

into apprenticeships and traineeships. We just let market forces, laissez-faire approach,

1:02

dominate, and it didn't work.

1:06

We've established a school apprenticeship link program, which this year will have 500

1:11

young Western Australians, predominantly, but not totally, boys, providing them with

1:18

apprenticeships basically that they can take up in the mining and other industries.

1:22

Fortunately, I don't think it has been left too late, so long as we very proactively tackle

1:32

the situation now and don't delay any longer.

1:37

OK. Let's look more closely at adverbs.

1:41

Adverbs work by modifying words. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or preposition

1:51

phrases.

1:52

Using adverbs correctly will improve your communication skills.

1:57

They answer such questions as how? how often?

2:02

when? where?

2:05

and why?

2:07

Because they have different functions, it's useful to describe adverbs according to categories.

2:13

Here are some of the categories that adverbs can be divided into:

2:16

adverbs of frequency - occasionally, usually, frequently, often

2:25

adverbs of place somewhere, here, outside

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adverbs of manner quickly, carefully, suddenly

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adverbs of degree really, fairly, very, rather, extremely

2:51

and finally focusing adverbs specifically, only, particularly

2:59

Did you notice that most of these adverbs end in the suffix -ly? Many adverbs are formed

3:06

by adding -ly to an adjective. For example:

3:11

frequent + ly - frequently

3:17

careful + ly - carefully

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quick + ly - quickly

3:25

real + ly - really

3:29

Let's listen to Alan Carpenter, a State Government minister, talking about an apprenticeship

3:35

program. He uses a number of -ly adverbs. Can you identify the category they belong

3:43

to?

3:44

We've established a school apprenticeship link program, which this year will have 500

3:49

young Western Australians, predominantly, but not totally, boys, providing them with

3:56

apprenticeships basically that they can take up in the mining and other industries.

4:01

Alan uses the adverbs predominantly and totally.

4:06

These are degree expressions. They're adverbs of degree.

4:12

Adverbs of degree can answer questions such as to what extent or to what degree. They

4:21

also function as modifiers of adjectives and adverbs.

4:27

Look at this sentence:

4:28

They will provide 500 young people, predominantly, but not totally, boys, with apprenticeships.

4:39

predominantly, but not totally

4:40

They answer the question: To what extent will the apprenticeships be offered to boys?

4:50

predominantly, but not totally

4:54

Let's listen to Dave Smith, head of the National Skills Shortages Task Force, talking about

5:01

recruitments. He also uses a number of adverbs. Can you identify their category?

5:07

Fortunately, I don't think it has been left too late, so long as we very proactively tackle

5:16

the situation now and don't delay any longer.

5:21

He says: So long as we very proactively tackle the situation.

5:28

Proactively is an adverb of manner, which expresses how something happens or how something

5:35

is done.

5:37

In the sentence: We must very proactively tackle the situation, proactively modifies

5:44

the verb tackle, saying how the situation should be tackled.

5:51

Next to proactively we have another adverb, very. We saw this category of adverb earlier.

5:59

It is an adverb of degree.

6:03

Some adverbs of degree, however, can be further divided into intensifiers and downtoners.

6:11

Adverbs that are intensifiers make adjectives stronger, and downtoners make adjectives weaker.

6:22

In the sentence: "We must very proactively tackle the situation," the manner in which

6:28

the situation is tackled is made stronger by adding the intensifier very.

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How proactively? Very proactively.

6:39

Fortunately, I don't think it has been left too late, so long as we very proactively tackle

6:48

the situation now and don't delay any longer.

6:53

He also says: Fortunately, I don't think it's been left too late.

7:00

Fortunately is an adverb in another category. We call it an attitude marker.

7:06

The adverb fortunately expresses a viewpoint on a situation, and usually refers to the

7:13

whole clause.

7:15

Examples of other attitude markers include: hopefully, surprisingly, apparently and happily.

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OK. Now let's consider how many words and phrases used in English are borrowed from

7:34

other languages.

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Some are pronounced as if they were English, for example questionnaire and restaurant are

7:43

from French, but pronounced in an English way.

7:48

However, other words reflect the spelling and pronunciation of the original language

7:54

- like détente, and ballet.

7:58

English borrows words easily. These words fill gaps in our language. Most of the vocabulary

8:04

in English for ballet, for example, derives from French.

8:09

Let's listen to Alan Carpenter talking. Can you identify the foreign word and the language

8:16

from which it was borrowed?

8:19

We didn't put enough energy into getting people into apprenticeships and traineeships. We

8:22

just let market forces, laissez-faire approach, dominate, and it didn't work.

8:29

He uses the phrase laissez-faire.

8:31

Laissez-faire is a borrowing from French.

8:37

It closely reflects the pronunciation of the original language, and the original spelling.

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Do you know the meaning of the phrase?

8:47

Generally, it means non-interference or not getting involved, allowing things to act of

8:54

their own accord.

8:56

Here are some other French words that are commonly used in English: au fait, faux pas,

9:03

Grand Prix, encore and entourage - and you can look them up in the dictionary.

9:11

OK. So today we've looked at adverbs, and then talked about words borrowed from other

9:18

languages into English.

9:21

To find more on today's story, and lots of other help and information, you can go to

9:26

our website at abcasiapacific.com/studyenglish. I'll see you next time for more. Bye bye.

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