IELTS Preparation Series 2, Episode 13: Welding
(Bấm vào đây để chọn bài học kế tiếp)
Xem lời thoại bên dưới:
0:13
Hello. I'm Margot Politis. Welcome to Study English IELTS preparation.
0:18
Today we're going to focus on word form groups - noun, verb and preposition phrases.
0:26
Then, we'll look at some words that can be used as both nouns and verbs, and we'll learn
0:31
how to tell which is which.
0:33
But first, we visit an automotive factory - a place where they build cars - and we see
0:39
how a new piece of machinery is helping to avoid mistakes in the manufacturing process.
0:48
Here, we have two faults, which are very common in the automotive industry, where the weld
0:52
has deviated from the seam here.
0:55
Paint and grease are very common faults in the automotive industry and where we've welded
1:01
over the paint, you can see that there's bubbles in the weld. Typically we call this porosity.
1:07
At the moment, you only take a sample of the cars. You're not able to test every weld in
1:12
every car, and that's a major advantage of our technology. We can test every weld in
1:16
every car.
1:19
Understanding English is much easier if you understand how words can be grouped together.
1:26
Knowing the function of a group of words can help you to follow a sequence of ideas when
1:32
you're reading or listening.
1:34
The main word form groups are noun phrases, verb phrases and preposition phrases.
1:45
Let's begin with noun phrases.
1:48
A noun phrase is made up of a determiner.
1:53
That might be an article, like a, an or the.
1:59
A determiner could be a number, like one, two or three.
2:07
Or it could be a demonstrative adjective, for example this or those.
2:15
As well as a determiner, a noun phrase can have a modifier.
2:21
A modifier can be an adjective, like big, green or impressive.
2:28
Or it could be a possessive, like my or John's.
2:34
And finally, a noun phrase must have a noun.
2:39
An example of a noun phrase is the IELTS test.
2:44
It has a determiner, a modifier and a noun.
2:54
Now, let's take a look at a verb phrase.
2:57
There are a variety of verb phrases.
2:59
The simplest verb phrase is a single main verb standing alone.
3:06
Other verb phrases are formed by an auxiliary verb + main verb or different combinations
3:13
of auxiliary verbs + main verbs.
3:17
For example:
3:19
She finished her homework.
3:22
She had finished her homework.
3:26
She was required to finish her homework.
3:30
She finished doing her homework.
3:33
OK. So that's noun phrases and verb phrases. There are also preposition phrases.
3:41
A preposition phrase begins with a preposition. It could be a preposition of time, place or
3:50
direction.
3:52
So a preposition phrase starts with words such as at, on, during, up or down.
4:01
Let's put a noun, verb and preposition phrase together.
4:06
In the sentence: The IELTS test finished at one o'clock on Friday.
4:13
we have a noun phrase, a verb phrase, and a preposition phrase.
4:24
The function of verb, noun and preposition phrases depends on their position in the sentence.
4:31
Noun phrases are often subjects.
4:34
They usually come before the verb phrase in a sentence. The noun phrase tells us everything
4:40
about the verb in the clause that follows.
4:44
Let's listen to Dr Trevor Gore. He's talking about faults or weaknesses that occur at points
4:50
that have been welded together.
4:53
See if you can tell what is the function of the word 'weld'.
4:56
Here, we have two faults, which are very common in the automotive industry, where the weld
5:02
has deviated from the seam here.
5:05
Dr Gore says: The weld has deviated from the seam.
5:11
The weld is a noun phrase.
5:14
It contains a determiner, the
5:18
and a noun, weld.
5:21
The weld is a noun phrase that functions as the subject of this clause.
5:27
It's followed by the verb phrase has deviated, and then the preposition phrase from the seam.
5:35
Let's listen to Dr Gore use the word 'weld' in a different clip. What is the function
5:41
of 'weld' in this context?
5:45
Paint and grease are very common faults in the automotive industry and where we've welded
5:48
over the paint, you can see that there's bubbles in the weld.
5:53
He says: We have welded over the paint.
5:57
The subject is we.
5:59
Have welded is the verb phrase. It functions as the verb of the sentence.
6:06
So here, weld is used as a verb.
6:10
Notice that over the paint is the preposition phrase.
6:15
There's one more use of the word weld in the story.
6:20
At the moment, you only take a sample of the cars.
6:23
You're not able to test every weld in every car, and that's a major advantage of our technology.
6:27
We can test every weld in every car.
6:31
He uses weld twice.
6:33
He says with the old technology: You are not able to test every weld.
6:38
But when talking about the new technology he says: We can test every weld.
6:47
In both of these sentences, weld occurs with a determiner.
6:51
The determiner is every. So weld is used as part of a noun phrase - every weld. It's a
7:01
noun.
7:02
It occurs after the verb phrases are not able to test and can test.
7:09
So here the noun phrase every weld is an object.
7:19
We've seen how different word forms can perform different functions.
7:23
For example, weld is used in today's story as both a noun and a verb.
7:30
There are quite a few words in English that use the same word for both the noun and verb
7:36
form.
7:36
Listen for some other examples.
7:40
Paint and grease are very common faults in the automotive industry and where we've welded
7:44
over the paint, you can see that there's bubbles in the weld. Typically we call this porosity.
7:51
At the moment you only take a sample of the cars. You're not able to test every weld in
7:55
every car, and that's a major advantage of our technology. We can test every weld in
8:00
every car.
8:02
Dr Gore says that:
8:04
You only take a sample of the cars.
8:07
The word sample can be used as a verb or a noun. What is it in this sentence?
8:13
Sample occurs after a determiner, a.
8:19
So we know that it is the noun in a noun phrase.
8:23
He also says: You are not able to test every weld in every car.
8:29
Like 'sample', 'test' can be a noun and a verb. Here, test is part of the verb phrase,
8:37
are not able to test. It's a verb.
8:41
So you can see that it's a good idea to study a sentence closely for noun, verb and preposition
8:49
phrases if you're confused about meaning.
8:51
Let's take a quick look back over what we've looked at today.
8:56
We practiced identifying and using noun and verb forms in different functions.
9:03
We looked at what makes a noun phrase, a verb phrase and a preposition phrase.
9:11
And we finished by looking at words that are both nouns and verbs.
9:15
There are many more examples and exercises on the Study English website. So don't forget
9:23
to log on for some more practice. It's at abcasiapacific.com/studyenglish.
9:32
And I'll see you next time. Bye bye.
