IELTS Preparation Series 2, Episode 13: Welding
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Hello. I'm Margot Politis. Welcome to Study English IELTS preparation.
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Today we're going to focus on word form groups - noun, verb and preposition phrases.
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Then, we'll look at some words that can be used as both nouns and verbs, and we'll learn
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how to tell which is which.
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But first, we visit an automotive factory - a place where they build cars - and we see
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how a new piece of machinery is helping to avoid mistakes in the manufacturing process.
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Here, we have two faults, which are very common in the automotive industry, where the weld
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has deviated from the seam here.
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Paint and grease are very common faults in the automotive industry and where we've welded
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over the paint, you can see that there's bubbles in the weld. Typically we call this porosity.
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At the moment, you only take a sample of the cars. You're not able to test every weld in
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every car, and that's a major advantage of our technology. We can test every weld in
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every car.
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Understanding English is much easier if you understand how words can be grouped together.
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Knowing the function of a group of words can help you to follow a sequence of ideas when
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you're reading or listening.
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The main word form groups are noun phrases, verb phrases and preposition phrases.
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Let's begin with noun phrases.
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A noun phrase is made up of a determiner.
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That might be an article, like a, an or the.
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A determiner could be a number, like one, two or three.
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Or it could be a demonstrative adjective, for example this or those.
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As well as a determiner, a noun phrase can have a modifier.
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A modifier can be an adjective, like big, green or impressive.
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Or it could be a possessive, like my or John's.
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And finally, a noun phrase must have a noun.
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An example of a noun phrase is the IELTS test.
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It has a determiner, a modifier and a noun.
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Now, let's take a look at a verb phrase.
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There are a variety of verb phrases.
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The simplest verb phrase is a single main verb standing alone.
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Other verb phrases are formed by an auxiliary verb + main verb or different combinations
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of auxiliary verbs + main verbs.
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For example:
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She finished her homework.
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She had finished her homework.
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She was required to finish her homework.
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She finished doing her homework.
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OK. So that's noun phrases and verb phrases. There are also preposition phrases.
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A preposition phrase begins with a preposition. It could be a preposition of time, place or
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direction.
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So a preposition phrase starts with words such as at, on, during, up or down.
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Let's put a noun, verb and preposition phrase together.
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In the sentence: The IELTS test finished at one o'clock on Friday.
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we have a noun phrase, a verb phrase, and a preposition phrase.
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The function of verb, noun and preposition phrases depends on their position in the sentence.
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