IELTS Preparation Series 2, Episode 13: Welding

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Hello. I'm Margot Politis. Welcome to Study English IELTS preparation.

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Today we're going to focus on word form groups - noun, verb and preposition phrases.

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Then, we'll look at some words that can be used as both nouns and verbs, and we'll learn

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how to tell which is which.

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But first, we visit an automotive factory - a place where they build cars - and we see

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how a new piece of machinery is helping to avoid mistakes in the manufacturing process.

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Here, we have two faults, which are very common in the automotive industry, where the weld

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has deviated from the seam here.

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Paint and grease are very common faults in the automotive industry and where we've welded

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over the paint, you can see that there's bubbles in the weld. Typically we call this porosity.

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At the moment, you only take a sample of the cars. You're not able to test every weld in

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every car, and that's a major advantage of our technology. We can test every weld in

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every car.

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Understanding English is much easier if you understand how words can be grouped together.

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Knowing the function of a group of words can help you to follow a sequence of ideas when

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you're reading or listening.

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The main word form groups are noun phrases, verb phrases and preposition phrases.

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Let's begin with noun phrases.

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A noun phrase is made up of a determiner.

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That might be an article, like a, an or the.

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A determiner could be a number, like one, two or three.

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Or it could be a demonstrative adjective, for example this or those.

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As well as a determiner, a noun phrase can have a modifier.

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A modifier can be an adjective, like big, green or impressive.

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Or it could be a possessive, like my or John's.

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And finally, a noun phrase must have a noun.

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An example of a noun phrase is the IELTS test.

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It has a determiner, a modifier and a noun.

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Now, let's take a look at a verb phrase.

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There are a variety of verb phrases.

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The simplest verb phrase is a single main verb standing alone.

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Other verb phrases are formed by an auxiliary verb + main verb or different combinations

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of auxiliary verbs + main verbs.

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For example:

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She finished her homework.

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She had finished her homework.

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She was required to finish her homework.

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She finished doing her homework.

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OK. So that's noun phrases and verb phrases. There are also preposition phrases.

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A preposition phrase begins with a preposition. It could be a preposition of time, place or

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direction.

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So a preposition phrase starts with words such as at, on, during, up or down.

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Let's put a noun, verb and preposition phrase together.

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In the sentence: The IELTS test finished at one o'clock on Friday.

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we have a noun phrase, a verb phrase, and a preposition phrase.

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The function of verb, noun and preposition phrases depends on their position in the sentence.

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