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IELTS Preparation Series 2, Episode 3: Jarrah Forest

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0:13

Hello. I'm Margot Politis. Welcome to Study English, IELTS preparation.

0:18

Today we'll travel to Western Australia to take a look at a famous jarrah forest.

0:24

And while we're there, we'll learn about words that we use to describe 'spatial relationships'

0:30

- where things are in relation to one another.

0:32

Later on, we'll listen to a few 'proverbs'.

0:36

But first, here's the Western Australian jarrah forest.

0:40

Our jarrah forest is our reference point, it's our library of information, this is our

0:45

baseline, this is what we had before we mined. I think some of the outward signs are showing

0:50

us that it's quite healthy.

0:52

The proof in the pudding is not you and I sitting here today, but the proof of the pudding

0:56

might be in ten year's time, twenty year's time - whether this forest is flourishing

1:02

for our children and grandchildren. So far so good.

1:06

Dr Bougher knows a lot about the forest. In the clip, he spent a lot of time describing

1:13

where things are.

1:15

When you're describing where things are, it's important to be precise and accurate in your

1:21

description.

1:22

You need to think about how you're going to 'order the description'. You should try to

1:27

arrange it in a logical way, according to some kind of pattern.

1:32

You might describe things in one area at a time, so you can guide your listener through

1:38

the space.

1:39

Look at this picture.

1:41

You could for example describe from the 'top to the bottom', from the 'left to the right',

1:49

or from 'near to far' - that is you could start describing 'the foreground', 'the middle

1:57

distance', and finish with 'the background'.

2:00

There are no rules on how to describe something. Just make sure that your description is clear

2:08

and logical.

2:08

Here is Dr Bougher again. Notice how he describes the forest area.

2:15

On our left here, we have a very good example of the jarrah forest, the famous jarrah forest

2:21

of Western Australia.

2:24

And on our right here, we have the contrast, which is the mined area, and on this area

2:30

we can see the rehabilitation has occurred about three years ago.

2:33

Dr Bougher uses descriptions like 'on our left' and 'on our right'.

2:43

He helps us understand the location of things by using the preposition 'on', along with

2:50

a noun phrase. These are preposition phrases.

2:54

When we want to describe where things are, we usually use preposition phrases.

3:01

Let's look at some of the common prepositions you can use to describe where things are:

3:10

above below

3:12

beside or next to in front of

3:19

behind on the right

3:23

on the left on top of or over

3:30

under between

3:33

or even surrounded by.

3:35

Let's listen to Dr Bougher once more. As well as using these prepositions, he uses another

3:44

word to show exactly where things are.

3:48

Can you hear it?

3:50

On our left here, we have a very good example of the jarrah forest, the famous jarrah forest

3:56

of Western Australia.

3:59

And on our right here, we have the contrast, which is the mined area, and on this area

4:05

we can see that rehabilitation has occurred about three years ago.

4:10

He says 'on our left here', 'on our right here'.

4:15

'Here' is an adverb. We can use adverbs to help us describe 'spatial relationships' - where

4:24

things are.

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The two most useful ones are 'here' and 'there'.

4:31

Or, you can use other adverbs of place, like:

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somewhere anywhere

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everywhere and nowhere

4:43

In today's clip, Dr Bougher is not just telling us where things are. He's also trying to compare

4:50

the different areas.

4:53

If you're trying to compare two or more things, a good description needs a 'starting point'.

4:59

What's Dr Bougher's starting point?

5:02

Our jarrah forest is our reference point, it's our library of information, this is our

5:08

baseline, this is what we had before we mined.

5:11

His starting point is the jarrah forest.

5:15

He calls it his 'reference point', his 'baseline'.

5:20

He means that he can compare other landscapes to this particular jarrah forest.

5:26

OK. So we've looked at some words you can use to describe 'spatial relationships' in

5:31

a description. If you need more help, just go to our website.

5:37

Learning new words is an ongoing process.

5:44

It's good to learn words in phrases, because they are used in a certain way.

5:49

Sometimes, we come across more unusual groups of words.

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Listen to the clip and see if you can hear an unusual expression.

5:59

On our left here, we have a very good example of the jarrah forest, the famous jarrah forest

6:05

of Western Australia.

6:07

And on our right here, we have the contrast, which is the mined area, and on this area

6:14

we can see that rehabilitation has occurred about three years ago. This is world's best

6:19

practice.

6:19

Our jarrah forest is our reference point, it's our library of information, this is our

6:24

baseline, this is what we had before we mined. I think some of the outward signs are showing

6:29

us that it's quite healthy.

6:31

The proof in the pudding is not you and I sitting here today, but the proof of the pudding

6:35

might be in ten year's time, twenty year's time - whether this forest is flourishing

6:41

for our children and grandchildren. So far so good.

6:43

Dr Bougher says 'the proof of the pudding'.

6:49

The full saying is 'the proof of the pudding is in the eating'.

6:54

Can you guess what that means?

6:57

"The proof of the pudding is in the eating."

7:01

A 'pudding' is a soft, sweet dessert.

7:03

The saying says that you can't tell if the pudding is good until you taste it.

7:09

It's means that you can only judge the quality of something after it has been tested or experienced

7:17

over time.

7:18

So Dr Bougher means we won't be able to tell how healthy the forest is for a long time.

7:26

The real test will be how healthy it is in the future.

7:32

Traditional sayings like 'the proof of the pudding is in the eating' are called proverbs.

7:39

Proverbs are general sayings that give advice or tell us something about life.

7:46

Every language has its own proverbs.

7:49

The Japanese say that 'getting up early brings you merit'.

7:53

But in English, we say that 'the early bird catches the worm'.

7:58

Many proverbs in English come from the Bible or well-known poems.

8:05

Because proverbs are well known sayings, they aren't always quoted in full.

8:10

For example people just say 'when in Rome', referring to the old Latin proverb "When in

8:18

Rome, do as the Romans do".

8:21

Listen to Dr Bougher again:

8:24

The proof in the pudding is not you and I sitting here today, but the proof of the pudding

8:29

might be in ten year's time, twenty year's time - whether this forest is flourishing

8:34

for our children and grandchildren.

8:37

He just says 'the proof of the pudding'. He doesn't say the whole proverb.

8:41

Proverbs are usually found in informal language. Using them naturally is not easy. The meanings

8:50

of common proverbs aren't always obvious, so the only way to learn them is to memorise

8:57

them. Using proverbs takes time, so be patient.

9:01

And that's all for today.

9:03

We've looked at describing 'spatial relationships'.

9:07

We saw how prepositions like 'on' can be useful when describing where things are.

9:13

Then we tried using adverbs to help with our descriptions.

9:18

And we looked at proverbs, traditional sayings.

9:21

So why not go to our website for more on these topics. You'll find the story, transcript,

9:29

exercises and study notes. Nothing ventured, Nothing gained!

9:34

And I'll see you next time for more Study English. Bye bye.

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