IELTS Preparation Series 3, Episode 20: Giving Examples
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Hello, and welcome to Study English, IELTS Preparation. I'm Margot Politis.
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One of the things you will often need to do, in both spoken and written English, is give
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examples. Today we'll look at some of the language you can use for giving examples,
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and also for clarifying.
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First let's listen to someone talking about an analysis of bird songs:
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We're researching the effects of traffic noise on the calling behaviour of birds.
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Normally, if there was no background noise from roads or other human-generated noise,
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they'd be able to hear each other at least 100 metres apart. But where we have loud traffic,
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it's likely they can only hear each other 20 or 30 metres apart.
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We can analyse the frequency of the different notes in the calls. So for example, this is
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the grey fantail - how it would sound at a quiet site.
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She gives an example of one bird call they have analysed, and introduces that with the
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phrase 'for example'.
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So for example, this is the grey fantail - how it would sound at a quiet site.
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For example can be used to introduce the example, as it is here, or it can be placed after the
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example:
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This is the grey fantail, for example.
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But formally, it is better to introduce the example with the phrase. Listen:
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The birds aren't changing their tune very much, so on average, they're only going up
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one note on the musical scale. For example, with the grey shrike-thrush,
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it goes from here to here.
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The speaker makes a general statement about the behaviour of birds then illustrates it
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with one specific example.
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The birds aren't changing their tune very much, so on average, they're only going up
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one note on the musical scale. For example, with the grey shrike-thrush,
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it goes from here to here.
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Another phrase with exactly the same meaning is 'for instance'. Listen for the phrase used
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by this woman talking about kite-flying:
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Kiting has developed over the years. It's just amazing the difference and the variation.
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For instance, with the inflatable kites we don't use any spars with them. But you can't
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make inflatable kites unless you've got the right materials so today we work with rib-stock
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nylon so we're able to sew it. So, it's sort of like balloon fabric so we can fill them
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up with air and they go up in the sky.
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Again the phrase 'for instance' introduces the example. She makes a statement about the
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variety of kites, and then gives one example, of a kite with no spars:
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It's just amazing the difference and the variation. For instance, with the inflatable kites we
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don't use any spars with them.