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IELTS Preparation Series 3, Episode 26: Giving Advice


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Xem lời thoại bên dưới:

0:12

Hello, and welcome to Study English, IELTS Preparation. I'm Margot Politis.

0:18

What should you do to stay healthy? This is a possible question in IELTS. How might you

0:24

reply to such a question - what language choices do you have?

0:29

The language function required is "giving advice". Today we'll look at language choices

0:34

in English for giving advice.

0:36

First, let's listen to someone giving advice about health:

0:42

Having good health is something we all want. There are several things we should do to keep

0:47

fit and healthy - eat well, exercise and get plenty of rest. If we have a good diet, lead

0:54

an active life and get enough sleep, then we should stay healthy. If we get sick, then

1:00

we need to manage our recovery. There is prevention, and there is cure - but prevention is better

1:06

than cure.

1:07

"Prevention is better than cure". This is a common saying that means it's better to

1:13

avoid getting sick than trying to cure the sickness later.

1:18

So what does our advisor recommend we do to prevent getting ill?

1:23

There are several things we should do to keep fit and healthy - eat well, exercise and get

1:29

plenty of rest. If we have a good diet, lead an active life and get enough sleep, then

1:35

we should stay healthy.

1:38

What sort of language does she use for giving advice?

1:42

First she uses the modal verb 'should'. Listen again:

1:47

There are several things we should do to keep fit and healthy - eat well, exercise and get

1:53

plenty of rest.

1:55

The word 'should' is used in a number of ways. Here it indicates advisability - there are

2:02

several things we should do to keep fit.

2:05

Listen to another use of should with this meaning:

2:09

You should try to walk a couple of kilometres every day.

2:12

The negative form "shouldn't" is often used to give advice about what not to do.

2:18

There are three things that you shouldn't do. You shouldn't smoke, you shouldn't eat

2:23

too much junk food and you shouldn't drink too much alcohol.

2:27

There is another modal verb that is used in the same way as should, but is a more formal

2:32

choice, ought.

2:35

It's used by this man in an interview about immigration to Australia and its impact on

2:40

the environment:

2:41

It's an open question whether people are applying more strain on the environment if they're

2:46

living in a flood plain in Bangladesh than if they're living in Australia. Secondly,

2:52

I think that if you're worried about the environmental sustainability of the pattern of economic

2:57

growth in Australia - and there are good reasons why you might be - then you ought to be looking

3:02

at policies to reduce, say, carbon dioxide emissions, water usage, regardless of how

3:08

many foreigners you let in or don't let in.

3:11

"You ought to be looking at policies". You could also say you should be looking at policies.

3:18

Advice is suggesting choices, so you don't use the word must. There is no choice when

3:25

you say must - it's an obligation or something you have to do.

3:29

Sometimes you need to suggest choices in a way that doesn't upset the person you are

3:36

advising.

3:37

Instead of saying 'You shouldn't smoke', you can express it as a question:

3:43

Shouldn't you give up smoking?

3:44

A more formal way of saying this uses the word oughtn't:

3:50

Oughtn't you give up smoking?

3:52

In the next clip, listen to another way of using should:

4:00

If we have a good diet, lead an active life and get enough sleep then we should stay healthy.

4:07

Here, should expresses the idea that this is likely to happen if the condition - having

4:13

a good diet - is met. This is called a conditional.

4:19

The negative form, shouldn't, is used in a similar way here:

4:23

In any case, lead a healthy lifestyle and you shouldn't get sick.

4:27

It is a common language feature to use conditionals when giving advice, like this:

4:33

If we get sick, then we need to manage our recovery.

4:36

If we get sick, then we need to manage our recovery.

4:41

But you don't always have to use 'then' after the 'if' clause:

4:45

If you feel unusually sick, you need to consult a doctor.

4:49

And the 'if' clause doesn't need to be at the beginning of the sentence:

4:54

You need to consult a doctor if you feel unusually sick.

5:02

There is another structure in English using 'should':

5:06

Should you have any questions, do not hesitate to ask.

5:10

Here, should means 'if' - if you have any questions.

5:15

It's a polite invitation which you will often hear on planes. The cabin crew might say to

5:21

passengers "Should you require any help"

5:28

Now listen carefully to all the advice and concentrate on what tense is being used for

5:34

the verbs:

5:36

Having good health is something we all want. There are several things we should do to keep

5:41

fit and healthy - eat well, exercise and get plenty of rest. If we have a good diet, lead

5:48

an active life and get enough sleep then we should stay healthy. If we get sick, then

5:54

we need to manage our recovery. There is prevention, and there is cure - but prevention is better

6:00

than cure.

6:02

Make sure you have a balanced diet - don't overeat and don't eat the wrong foods. Eat

6:09

plenty of fruit and vegetables for fibre, and get a good mix of proteins from fish and

6:14

some meat, and reduce your intake of fatty food, sugar and salt.

6:21

Exercise every day. You should try to walk a couple of kilometres daily. Playing sport,

6:26

or going to the gym is an easy way to exercise your body. Exercise helps to relieve stress.

6:34

You also need to rest. Health experts say we need about 8 hours sleep a night, but some

6:40

people need less than this. If you feel unusually sick you need to consult a doctor. Avoid close

6:47

contact with others when you are feeling unwell. Stay at home for as long as the doctor advises

6:52

you. In any case, lead a healthy lifestyle and you shouldn't get sick.

6:58

Did you notice that many of the verbs were the base form, such as avoid or stay. Listen

7:05

again:

7:06

Avoid close contact with others when you are feeling unwell. Stay at home for as long as

7:12

the doctor advises you. In any case, lead a healthy lifestyle and you shouldn't get

7:17

sick.

7:18

This is called the imperative form and it's used for giving advice, and also to give orders.

7:25

For example a teacher may say to a noisy class: Stop talking! Or Be quiet!

7:32

You also use the imperative when you need to warn someone of danger: Watch out!

7:39

There's one more use for the imperative and that's in instructions. In the essay section

7:45

of the IELTS Test you will read: 'Write at least 250 words.'

7:51

In recipes you often see the imperative, like this:

7:56

Fry the prawns. Chop the leeks.

8:00

Add the noodles.

8:03

The negative form of the imperative has don't in front of it, like this:

8:07

Make sure you have a balanced diet - don't overeat and don't eat the wrong foods.

8:14

You'll hear this structure a lot in English. You might hear people, such as parents to

8:18

their children, say:

8:20

Don't forget to telephone. Or Don't get lost.

8:25

Finally, you should know the difference between the words advice and advise.

8:31

Listen to the way they are used by this woman talking about generation Y or gen Y:

8:37

The baby boomers still like to have face-to-face meetings. They like to chat about certain

8:44

things. A gen Y would be just as happy for you to send them a text message and advise

8:50

them of a change of roster at work or they're quite happy to get advice about a new event

8:55

that's occurring by text or SMS or even an email.

9:00

Advise - spelled with an 's' - is the verb form. Send them a text and advise them of

9:08

a change of roster.

9:11

Advice - spelled with a 'c' and pronounced with a shorter 'i' sound - advice - is the

9:18

noun. They're happy to get advice. Listen again:

9:23

and advise them of a change of roster at work or they're quite happy to get advice about

9:29

a new event that's occurring by text or SMS or even an email.

9:38

That's all for now.

9:40

For advice on the IELTS Test, visit our Study English website. We strongly advise it.

9:46

Good luck with your studies. Bye.

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