IELTS Preparation Series 3, Episode 5: Vocabulary Range
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Hello, and welcome to Study English, IELTS Preparation. I'm Margot Politis.
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Today we'll look at some strategies for meeting the requirements of vocabulary, one of the
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criteria used to assess IELTS candidates.
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When writing, you can expand what you want to say by adding words that give more detail,
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or are more specific and descriptive.
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This is a good way of showing the extent of your vocabulary.
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Take this sentence for example:
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Collection services can reduce rubbish.
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What can you say to make this sentence more specific and descriptive?
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First, look at 'collection services'. Ask yourself who, what, why and where?
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What sort of collection services reduce rubbish?
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They could be 'weekly collection services' or 'better collection services'. You could
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also say 'more frequent collection services':
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More frequent collection services can reduce rubbish.
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You can do more than just use words in front of 'collection services'. You can also add
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a phrase after it.
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Ask yourself the same sort of questions: 'what is collected, who is collecting it'?
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So you can add:
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More frequent collection services for recyclables can reduce rubbish.
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You don't have to stop at just one phrase. You might also want to say who does the collecting.
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So:
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More frequent collection services for recyclables by councils can reduce rubbish.
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You can also add words to the verb in the sentence. We know more collection can reduce
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rubbish - but by how much?
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It can substantially reduce rubbish.
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So:
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More frequent collection services for recyclables by councils can substantially reduce rubbish.
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Substantially is an adverb. It's one of the forms of the word substantial.
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Adverbs often end with '-ly'
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Other words that mean a large amount are vast, considerable and great.
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Their adverbs are vastly, considerably and greatly.
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Any of these words could be used instead of 'substantially'.
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A good vocabulary is not simply the number of words you know. It's being able to use
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all the forms of a word correctly.
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For instance 'reduce' means to become smaller or to lessen. Listen to how it's used in this
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clip from a story about sealing roads:
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In Asia the cost of re-doing roads is very high. We can address that issue and give them
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a tightly bound surface, which will reduce the costs for the regional councils.
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Will reduce the costs. Reduce - that's the base form of the verb. Reduce is a regular
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verb with the forms reducing and reduced. He uses one of these here:
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Here you have a car that is travelling along an untreated section of road and then hitting
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a treated section of the road. You can see that the dust is reduced by a significant
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amount.
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Is reduced by a significant amount. That's a verb form. But what form of reduce would
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you use as an adjective?
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Our product very effectively binds the soils and particles that make up the materials for
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the roads. This means you can have a reduced cost in terms of the number of times that
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road authorities have to maintain and repair that road over a long period of time.
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A reduced cost. The -ed form can also be used as an adjective like this.
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reduced price reduced pressure
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