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IELTS Preparation Series 1, Episode 5: Global Warming


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0:00

Hello. I'm Margot Politis. Welcome to Study English, IELTS preparation.

0:20

Today we're going to look at a topic you've probably heard a lot about - global warming

0:25

and the environment.

0:26

First we're going to look at ways of brainstorming, taking notes and developing ideas.

0:33

Watch while we play some vision that contains ideas about the causes and effects of global

0:38

warming.

0:40

While you watch, try to note down some of your ideas about what global warming is.

0:49

OK so you saw some ideas, and perhaps took some notes, during that clip. What were some

1:08

of the ideas you saw?

1:11

What has caused global warming?

1:31

We saw gases in the air, cars, factory waste, and people cutting trees down.

1:41

So if you made those notes, you'd get an idea that these were the things causing global

1:45

warming.

1:47

Now let's listen to someone talk about the causes.

1:50

Heat-trapping gases are building up in the atmosphere.

1:54

Heat-trapping gases are building up in the atmosphere. What else?

2:01

So what is global warming? It's the result of billions of decisions. It's caused by decisions

2:07

made by individuals - like driving big cars rather than small cars. And it's caused by

2:12

decisions made by corporations and nations, like dumping waste into the atmosphere.

2:16

Global warming is caused by about people using big cars, and people dumping waste into the

2:22

atmosphere.

2:23

OK, so you've looked at the vision, and listened to the speaker, and you've made notes about

2:30

some of the causes of global warming.

2:33

Now let's look for some of the effects.

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So after watching that, you might be thinking that global warming is having an effect on

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weather patterns, and on nature.

2:55

Listen to the speaker.

2:57

Nature is already responding to global warming. There have been changes in global weather

3:01

patterns.

3:02

Trees are flowering earlier. Birds are laying eggs earlier. Butterflies are moving up hills.

3:07

So there's been weather changes, and changes to the ways trees, birds and butterflies behave.

3:16

So we have a list of causes, and list of effects. You might have identified those things from

3:24

a text you've read, or from listening to someone speak. This is how you can take notes.

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Once you've got your notes, you need to be able to link those causes and effects in sentences.

3:38

Let's look at a couple of different ways.

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The first and most basic way is just making a sequence of statements. This can sometimes

3:47

be a powerful way of making a connection between things. Listen.

3:53

Heat-trapping gases are building up in the atmosphere. Trees are flowering earlier. Birds

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are laying eggs earlier, and butterflies are moving up hills.

4:02

From the sequence of information, we realise that birds are laying their eggs earlier because

4:08

gases are making the earth warmer. So a simple list of statements can show a

4:14

cause and effect relationship.

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But there are other ways too.

4:20

You can use the language of cause and effect. We can say:

4:24

X causes Y.

4:28

Driving cars causes air pollution.

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There are many other word choices as well.

4:34

Driving cars leads to air pollution.