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IELTS Preparation Series 1, Episode 9: ADHD


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0:14

Hello. I'm Margot Politis. Welcome to Study English, IELTS preparation.

0:19

Today we're going to talk about acronyms, abbreviations and names, and then we'll do

0:25

a bit of vocabulary building as well.

0:29

The boy in today's clip is about to have a test to see whether he has Attention Deficit

0:35

Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD.

0:41

While you're watching, listen for some other abbreviations.

0:44

How do you know if your child does have ADHD? An EEG brain scan helps answer that, say the

0:52

Swinburne researchers.

0:54

Jacques Duff is a psychologist and one of Richard's PhD students. A computer programme

1:01

will compare Xavier's brain scan with a database of scans of ADHD sufferers. If he does have

1:07

the condition, the ADHD diagnosis will be automatically triggered.

1:11

Xavier was having a test to see if he has ADHD.

1:18

ADHD is an abbreviation.

1:23

An abbreviation is the short form of a phrase or a word.

1:28

We often abbreviate phrases using the first letter of each word.

1:34

Notice that you use capitals letters for these types of abbreviations.

1:40

ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is much quicker and easier

1:50

to say, and to write.

1:53

You might recognise some of these common abbreviations:

1:56

UFO stands for Unidentified Flying Object

2:03

ASAP means As Soon As Possible

2:12

Other common abbreviations are:

2:14

PC, Personal Computer

2:18

TV for Television

2:21

and CD-ROM - that's a Compact Disc with a Read Only Memory!

2:27

Notice that each letter in the abbreviation is pronounced separately, but the last letter

2:33

is pronounced more strongly because it carries the primary stress.

2:38

So we say USA, ASAP, ABC, and TV.

2:47

Listen for another abbreviation here.

2:51

Jacques Duff is a psychologist and one of Richard's PhD students.

2:56

Jacques Duff is one of Richard's PhD students.

3:00

PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy.

3:06

Another abbreviation you'll recognise is IELTS.

3:11

IELTS stands for International English Language Testing System.

3:18

This form of abbreviation is called an acronym. With an acronym, we don't pronounce the individual

3:26

letters, we pronounce it as a word.

3:29

So we say IELTS, not I - E - L - T - S.

3:36

Some other examples of acronyms are:

3:40

AIDS, that's Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

3:45

and RAM, Random Access Memory

3:52

Another example is ASEAN - that stands for the Association of South East Asian Nations.

4:01

There's one more common shortening in today's story. Listen for whether it's an abbreviation

4:08

or an acronym.

4:10

An EEG brain scan helps answer that, say the Swinburne researchers.

4:16

He says an EEG. That's an abbreviation. We don't pronounce it eeg, we say E-E-G.

4:26

EEG stands for Electro-Encephalograph.

4:32

That's a type of brain scan, but you can see why we shorten it to EEG.

4:39

Notice that in formal academic writing, it's necessary to write out an abbreviation in

4:45