CONCLUSIONS – How to finish speaking in English

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Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I'm going to teach you a little bit about

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speaking. I'm going to teach you some expressions that can really help you if you're giving

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presentations, if you're taking the TOEFL, if you're taking the IELTS, or just generally

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for business English and also in university classes. Okay? So these are all going to be

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expressions you can use when you speak.

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Now, the expressions I'm talking about specifically are expressions you can use after you've finished

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talking, just to, sort of, conclude. Okay? So these are ways to say, "In conclusion."

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So I have here two expressions: "In conclusion", "thus". Okay? I don't know if you've ever

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seen these expressions before, but if you've written an essay, you've probably seen these.

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These come at the very end of an essay. In speech, we don't really use these. Okay? "In

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conclusion" and "thus", they're very, very formal, and so they sound a little strange.

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Okay? If you are a university professor, yeah. Maybe you'll use this. But for most people,

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they're not so common. So when we speak, we don't really use these. We use these in writing,

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not speaking. Okay?

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So I want you to imagine this. Imagine I am giving a speech. I'm giving a presentation,

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and I'm talking about why dogs are great pets. Okay? So imagine this. I've told you first,

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dogs are very loyal. They're man's best friend. Maybe I've talked a little bit about how cute

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dogs are, how they're so obedient, they listen to their owners, and how they really help

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people. You know, they help people who are blind. They help people who are lonely. They

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help people, you know, for herding sheep. There are a lot of things that dogs do. So

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imagine I give a whole presentation about dogs. Now, at the very end, I really want

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to just say one more time how great dogs are. Well, I can use any of these expressions to

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show that.

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So for example, "to sum up". Okay. So I've just talked a lot about dogs. At the very

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end, I might say something like, "To sum up, dogs are great pets." Okay? I might also say,

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"Yeah. You know, dogs are loyal, so they make great pets." I might say, "In a nutshell,

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dogs make excellent pets." I really do like this expression, by the way. It's a common

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idiom. And it's pretty interesting because "nutshell" -- I don't know the history of

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it, but "in a nutshell" means pretty much the same as "in conclusion".

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We can also say "the bottom line". "The bottom line is dogs make excellent pets." If I've

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given a lot of reasons -- you know, dogs are clean; they're cute; they're smart. "For these

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reasons, dogs make excellent pets." And finally, "All in all". It's like from that Pink Floyd

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song, "All in all, there's just another brick in the wall." "All in all", again, means "in

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conclusion". And we use it a lot in speech. "All in all, dogs make wonderful pets." Okay.

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So these expressions are very, very useful for when you're doing presentations, in business

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meetings. If you ever take the TOEFL or IELTS, you can use these if the examiner asks you

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a question. To finish off your answer, these are all wonderful expressions.

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So all in all, use these expressions. They're great. In a nutshell, these expressions mean

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the same thing as "in conclusion" and "thus". The bottom line is, don't use these expressions;

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use these when you're speaking to finish off your answer or to finish what you're saying.

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Okay?

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So I invite you to come visit our website at www.engvid.com. There, you will find a

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quiz where you can practice all of these expressions. You can also subscribe to my YouTube channel.

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Thank you for watching this video, and until next time, take care.

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