Engligh Grammar: How to use "to" before an "-ing" verb
(Bấm vào đây để chọn bài học kế tiếp)
Xem lời thoại dưới đây:
0:02
Hi there. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to talk about
0:07
something many students wonder about, and that is when we use "to" and "ing" together.
0:16
Sorry.
0:17
Okay, so for example... Yeah: "What???" Many students, when they see this, it "poof" their minds;
0:24
they have no idea: What is this? It goes against all the rules they've learned. So I'm going
0:30
to explain to you when this happens, and how we can use it. So, let's look at some examples.
0:37
This is the most common example of this you will see:
0:40
"I look forward to meeting you."
0:43
Notice we have our verb: "look forward", and then we have this little guy, here, "to",
0:51
and then we also have "ing". Okay?
0:58
So, in this case, it's very strange. We're going
1:02
to learn about why this is in a moment, but before we do that, I want to tell you some
1:07
of the basic rules so you can understand, first off: What am I talking about with "ing",
1:13
and what am I talking about with "to"?
1:15
So let's look at the basic rules. This is all about when you have two verbs in a sentence.
1:23
For example: "thank" is the first verb, and "help" is the second verb. Okay?
1:32
What you will notice in English, the first rule is:
1:36
Any time you have a preposition between the first verb and the second,
1:44
you're going to use "ing". A preposition is a word like "for",
1:49
"to", "about", "toward", "up", "down", "in", "out", all of these words that kind of tell
1:58
us where something is located, these are called "prepositions". So, whenever you see a preposition
2:05
after a verb, this next verb is going to end in "ing".
2:10
So our example here: "I thank you for helping me."
2:16
Similarly, we have our verb: "interested", "I'm interested", so this is the verb. And
2:22
we have a second verb: "learn". So, if we have a preposition after the first verb:
2:30
"I'm interested in", you're going to see that the second verb is going to end in "ing".
2:37
"I'm interested in learning English."
2:40
So we don't say: "I'm interested in to learn English."
2:45
Similarly, we don't say: "I thank you to help me."
2:49
If you have a preposition like "for",
2:51
"in", "out", you are going to have the second verb with "ing".
2:57
Okay, some verbs... These are verbs without prepositions.
3:03
If we have two verbs and there's
3:05
no preposition between them, they will be either verb with a second verb ending in "ing",
3:12
or a verb plus the second verb beginning in "to".
3:16
So let's look at some examples so you understand what I'm talking about.
3:20
Okay, I have here the verb "enjoy". Here's my first verb.
3:27
Think of a second verb we can use. Let's say "eat".
3:35
With the verb "enjoy", the verb that follows is always going to end
3:40
in "ing". "I enjoy eating.",
3:44
"I enjoy reading.", "I enjoy listening to music.",
3:48
"I enjoy shopping."
3:52
Okay? So, in this case, all... The second verb will always end in "ing".
3:57
We have another example, here: "I started".
4:00
"I started", let's think of a verb, any verb. "Fish".