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Engligh Grammar: How to use "to" before an "-ing" verb


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Hi there. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to talk about

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something many students wonder about, and that is when we use "to" and "ing" together.

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Sorry.

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Okay, so for example... Yeah: "What???" Many students, when they see this, it "poof" their minds;

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they have no idea: What is this? It goes against all the rules they've learned. So I'm going

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to explain to you when this happens, and how we can use it. So, let's look at some examples.

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This is the most common example of this you will see:

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"I look forward to meeting you."

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Notice we have our verb: "look forward", and then we have this little guy, here, "to",

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and then we also have "ing". Okay?

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So, in this case, it's very strange. We're going

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to learn about why this is in a moment, but before we do that, I want to tell you some

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of the basic rules so you can understand, first off: What am I talking about with "ing",

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and what am I talking about with "to"?

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So let's look at the basic rules. This is all about when you have two verbs in a sentence.

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For example: "thank" is the first verb, and "help" is the second verb. Okay?

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What you will notice in English, the first rule is:

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Any time you have a preposition between the first verb and the second,

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you're going to use "ing". A preposition is a word like "for",

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"to", "about", "toward", "up", "down", "in", "out", all of these words that kind of tell

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us where something is located, these are called "prepositions". So, whenever you see a preposition

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after a verb, this next verb is going to end in "ing".

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So our example here: "I thank you for helping me."

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Similarly, we have our verb: "interested", "I'm interested", so this is the verb. And

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we have a second verb: "learn". So, if we have a preposition after the first verb:

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"I'm interested in", you're going to see that the second verb is going to end in "ing".

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"I'm interested in learning English."

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So we don't say: "I'm interested in to learn English."

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Similarly, we don't say: "I thank you to help me."

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If you have a preposition like "for",

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"in", "out", you are going to have the second verb with "ing".

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Okay, some verbs... These are verbs without prepositions.

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If we have two verbs and there's

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no preposition between them, they will be either verb with a second verb ending in "ing",

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or a verb plus the second verb beginning in "to".

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So let's look at some examples so you understand what I'm talking about.

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Okay, I have here the verb "enjoy". Here's my first verb.

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Think of a second verb we can use. Let's say "eat".

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With the verb "enjoy", the verb that follows is always going to end

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in "ing". "I enjoy eating.",

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"I enjoy reading.", "I enjoy listening to music.",

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"I enjoy shopping."

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Okay? So, in this case, all... The second verb will always end in "ing".

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We have another example, here: "I started".

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"I started", let's think of a verb, any verb. "Fish".