How to talk about children: Common Expressions
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Hi there. My name is Emma, and today we are going to do a vocabulary lesson, and we're
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going to talk about children and childhood. So this vocabulary lesson is very good for
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anyone who has children, anyone who knows children, who talk about children, and also
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people who are doing the TOEFL and the IELTS exam. And the reason for the TOEFL and the
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IELTS exam is for some of the questions, they may ask you maybe in the essay or in the speaking
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part to talk about your childhood, or if you have children, to talk about your children.
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So this vocabulary lesson can help you to get a higher score on the vocabulary component,
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because you'll be using a little bit more challenging words and they will recognize that.
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So let's get started. Sorry about the siren, guys. Okay. So, a common grammatical mistake
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people make is they don't know when to use "child" and when to use "children". So, first
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of all, "child" means one; one kid, one child. "Children" is two... Or sorry, "children",
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two or more. Okay. So, my friend has three children. My other friend has just one child.
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Okay?
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Another thing I want you to note is the meaning of "childhood". So when we talk about "childhood",
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we're talking about a period of time. A period of time when we were young, that's our childhood.
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So the childhood is the period of time when you're a child.
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All right, so let's look at some different types... Some of the different stages of childhood
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and the terms we use for those. So, first of all, we have "infant". Okay? "Infant" is
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a noun, and it's a synonym of "baby". It's just sort of like a higher way to say "baby".
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"Infants tend to cry a lot." Just an example sentence of the word "infant".
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So, after infant, the baby will get a bit bigger and it will become a "toddler". So,
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a toddler, this is a noun, and it's usually around the ages of 1 to 2 years old. It's
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a child who are... Who is between these ages. And usually toddlers, they're able to walk,
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and they can talk. They say not maybe full sentences, but you know, they're about 1 to
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2 years old. So we use the term "toddler" for this age.
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Now, similar to toddler, we also sometimes talk about "the terrible twos". So this is
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a common English expression, and we use it when we're talking about toddlers, because
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toddlers often scream, they often cry, they often fight, maybe kick or hit, and so as
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a result, parents often call this period of time: "The Terrible Twos". So, here's an example:
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"When children hit the terrible twos, they cry a lot." Okay? Although I hear the terrible
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twos really aren't that terrible, for parents who, you know, your children are growing,
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maybe it won't be such a bad time.
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Okay, next we have "pre-teen". So I've skipped a lot between here. You'll see that we've
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jumped from 2 to 9-13. And the reason for that is, in general, after about 2 years old,
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we just usually use the term "children", "child", "kid". You can also use the age, too. I have
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an 8-year-old kid. I have a 3 year old. I have a 4 year old. So that's what we usually
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use for the ages between 2 and 9.
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So, after that, we get to pre-teen. So, "pre" means before. So before teenage years. This
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is usually between 9 to 13 years old, these are pre-teens. And this is before a child
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hits puberty. That's what "pre-teen" means. This is also a noun. We're talking about a person.
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And then, finally, our last two definitions for the types: "adolescent" and "teenager".
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These words are synonyms. They're for people between the ages of 13 and 19. So maybe you
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have teenagers at home, maybe you have adolescents, maybe you are a teenager. We can also shorten
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this. You will often hear the word "teen". Okay, so now we're going to learn some vocabulary
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