"I stopped smoking" or "I stopped to smoke"?
(Bấm vào đây để chọn bài học kế tiếp)
Xem lời thoại dưới đây:
0:01
hi there my name is Emma and in today's lesson we're going to look at a very
0:07
common mistake
0:08
ESL students make we're going to look at
0:12
I when you have the verb stopped and it's followed by either an infinitive or
0:19
a German and ok so before i explain what all of this means i just like to thank
0:24
say thank you to charles from Venezuela for suggesting this of video on facebook
0:30
ok so shadow to Charles alright so let's get started so first of all what is an
0:36
infinitive
0:37
well we're talking about when we have two verbs
0:40
so we have a verb 1 ok we have a second verb verb to we have a subject I and
0:54
then we have to
0:57
so if you were thinking of English as a mathematical formula
1:02
it would be subject plus the first verb in this case stopped plus 2 plus the
1:10
second verb
1:11
ok so this is what is known as the infinitive now down here i have what's
1:17
known as a gerund
1:19
so a gerund is we have the subject
1:23
we have the first verb just like above and we have a second verb but what
1:30
you'll notice first of all there's no -
1:32
and secondly we have ing so with gerunds and infinitives what we're talking about
1:39
is you have two verbs
1:41
sometimes a verb the first verb is followed by a second verb with ing and
1:48
sometimes it's followed with a two and a second verb
1:53
ok so we're going to look at just one verb in this video
1:58
stop
2:01
because if we use the infinitive or if we use the gerund it changes the meaning
2:08
so let's get started I have a sentence here
2:11
I stopped to talk so what does this mean
2:15
well I have my friend Bob here ok now i'm just going to move over here
2:21
i'm walking down the street that's my first action i'm walking and I stopped
2:28
so first action in this case I was walking second action
2:39
I stopped so i stopped walking and third action as a hi Bob
2:48
so I talk ok so when you stop to do something
2:55
it's more than a single action you're doing something you stop what you're
3:00
doing and then you do the second action
3:05
ok so we'll go over some more examples with this
3:08
now I'd like to compare this to I stopped talking
3:14
ok so the same words the only difference is here we have two here we have ing now
3:21
what does this sentence mean I stopped talking
3:26
it means i was talking and then I stopped
3:31
I'm not talking anymore so no talking
3:35
ok so let's look at some more examples to understand the difference between
3:41
these two sentences
3:44
ok so I now have the sentence
3:47
I stopped to smoke do you think this is an example of an infinitive or a gerund
3:54
well if you notice we have to this is our hint
4:00
we're looking at the infinitive so we have our subject
4:05
I our first verb stopped too
4:09
and our second verb smoke ok so what does this mean i stopped to smoke
4:15
well it means there's a first action
4:18
we don't know exactly what the first action is maybe somebody's walking maybe
4:23
somebody's working so we're just going to guess at this point will say the
4:29
first action is somebody is walking
4:32
ok the second action is
4:37
they stopped walking and the third action is they do this to smoke so it's
4:53
three actions
4:54
you're doing something you stop doing it and then the reason you stopped doing it
4:59
is for this purpose for the third one so I walk I thought walking and I smoke
5:06
this means i stopped to smoke
5:09
ok so this is different than I stopped smoking
5:14
so this is an example of the gerund we have our ing you'll notice the subject
5:21
I the first verb stopped and the second verb smoking
5:27
ing is key here
5:30
ok so what is the first action
5:33
we don't know what the first action is or we do sorry
5:36
the first action is smoking
5:41
ok so the first action is what you were originally doing the second action is no
5:49
smoking
5:49
so you stop smoking
5:53
ok ok so in this case can draw a picture of a cigarette
6:03
if I say I stopped smoking
6:07
I don't do this anymore ok so i used to but not anymore so i have two more
6:15
examples
6:16
I want you to try to do this one on your own
6:19
I stopped to ask for directions
6:23
ok so if you're having trouble think what is the first action
6:27
what is the second action and what's the third action I stopped to ask for
6:32
directions
6:33
ok so the first action may be so take a second maybe you're driving
6:40
ok we commonly see this one we're driving or you could be walking the
6:46
first action second action
6:48
you stopped the first action and then the third action in this case you ask
6:55
for directions
6:57
okay what about the second sentence
7:01
I stopped asking for directions what does this mean
7:06
well in this case we have our first action and our second action
7:10
the first action is you used to ask for directions
7:14
so used to maybe I go up to people and say where is the store where is the
7:19
library but now you don't ask for directions anymore
7:24
you've stopped asking for directions ok so we could use stop with many different
7:30
examples
7:31
I stopped to eat meaning i stopped what I was doing and then I started to eat
7:38
or we can say I stopped eating meaning I used to eat but now I don't
7:45
and so I'm not suggesting anyone stop eating
7:49
I hope you stop to eat and you don't stop eating
7:53
ok so again very simple way I sorry very simple sentence but one that's very easy
8:03
to mix up and to confuse now I've had a lot of students tell me that they've had
8:08
these types of questions on different tests so be aware that this might be a
8:14
way
8:14
your grammar teacher or your ESL teacher might want to try to trick you on a test
8:20
they might use a question like this to see if you know your gerunds and your
8:23
infinitives ok so i invite you to come visit our website at www.engvid.com
8:31
we will have a whole bunch of a will have more examples of this in our test
8:38
so you can see if you really understand the difference between stopped with
8:43
infinitive and stop with the gerund
8:45
ok so until next time take care
